This topic includes statistics which show variation in health outcomes, eg mortality and life expectancy, by factors such as region and socio-economic status.
Publications
An analysis of mortality within Northern Ireland using the NI Mortality Study.
The Action Plan for Improving Oral Health and Modernising NHS Dental Services was published in 2005. It set out the then Scottish Executive's policy and plans for dentistry and dental public health for the next 3 years (SEHD, 2005). This plan has brought increased investment to dentistry, and to ensure this investment is achieving its goals a range of targets was set around oral health improvement, primary care dental service delivery and quality, and dental workforce and training. This is a 6-monthly report monitoring NHS Boards progress towards the targets.
The Indices of Multiple Deprivation for England combine a number of areas, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues into a single deprivation score for each Lower Layer Super Output Area in England. The Atlas of Deprivation allows a map visualisation of the overall LSOA deprivation score (rank) and the score (rank) for each of the seven domains by local authority.
Annual update of inequalities targeted cardiovascular health screening statistics to 31 March, carried out as part of the Keep Well and Well North programmes.
Child Health Profiles provide a snapshot of child health and well-being for each local authority in England using key health indicators, which enable comparison locally, regionally and nationally
Annual update of the number of child healthy weight interventions undertaken by NHS boards. This data is used to monitor HEAT Targets.
The Bulletin provides summary information as well as some trend data from previous years. It includes information on - smoking, household composition, debt, internet access, health, sport and leisure, environmental issues, mobile phones and job applications.
Health inequality monitoring.
This report presents a range of statistical targets and indicators in support of the Northern Ireland Executive’s anti poverty and social inclusion strategy ‘Lifetime Opportunities'. The monitoring framework is structured around 3 ‘layers’: • Child poverty targets • Poverty and social inclusion indicators • Public service agreement targets Analyses of statistics are on a lifecycle basis and are benchmarked against other jurisdictions when possible
Health profiles for all LA areas presenting a range of indicators and a snapshot of the overall health of the local population.
Report on definitions, trends and baselines for measures adopted by the Ministerial Task Force, to monitor future progress towards reducing health inequalities in Scotland.
Mortality monitoring
Mortality monitoring.
This report presents trends in cancer incidence and survival updated with incidence and mortality.
Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a person can expect to live should current mortality patterns stay constant. This report details how trends in mortality by age and cause of death explain recent changes in life expectancy. The results are examined in the context of changes in the recording, measuring and classifi cation of demographic data over recent years.
The Health & Social Care Inequalities Monitoring System comprises a basket of indicators to assess area differences in mortality, morbidity, utilisation of and access to health and social care services in Northern Ireland. Trends in Health Inequalities between both the 20% most deprived areas and rural areas within Trust areas compared with Trusts as a whole are reported.
The Health and Social Care Inequalities Monitoring System (HSCIMS) comprises a basket of indicators which are monitored over time to assess area differences in mortality, morbidity, utilisation of and access to health and social care services in Northern Ireland. Inequalities between the 20% most deprived areas (defi ned using the NISRA 2005 Northern Ireland Multiple Deprivation Measure) and Northern Ireland as a whole are measured.
An analysis of mortality within Northern Ireland using the NI Mortality Study.
The Health and Social Care Inequalities Monitorting System comprises a basket of indicators to assess area differences in mortality, morbidity, utilisation of and access to health and social care services in Northern Ireland. Trends in Health Inequalities between both the 20% most deprived areas and rural areas compared with Northern Ireland as a whole are reported.
Compendium of public health outcomes indicators presented at England and upper tier LA level. Indicators are split over 4 domains: improving the wider determinants of health; health improvement; health protection; healthcare, public health and preventing premature mortality.
Socio-economic Inequalities in mortality Podcast summary (22-11,2011)
Overview
The Department of Health publishes Mortality Monitoring Bulletins, which include trend data for inequalities in life expectancy, all age all cause mortality, cancer mortality in people aged under 75, circulatory disease mortality in people aged under 75 and infant mortality. These are based on data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Technical Data
The Department of Health publishes Mortality Monitoring Bulletins, which include trend data for inequalities, based on data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
Trends in inequalities are presented for life expectancy, all age all cause mortality, cancer mortality in people aged under 75, circulatory disease mortality in people aged under 75 and infant mortality.
For life expectancy, all age all cause mortality, cancer mortality in people aged under 75 and circulatory disease mortality in people aged under 75, the inequalities measures used are the absolute gap (i.e. difference) and relative gap (i.e. percentage difference) in life expectancy / mortality rates between the former Spearhead Group of health deprived local authority areas and the England average.
For infant mortality, data are presented by the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC) and the inequalities measures used are the absolute gap and the relative gap between the Routine and Manual group and the average for all groups with NS-SEC assigned (i.e. all births registered jointly by both parents).
Glossary
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Absolute / Relative gap
The absolute gap and the relative gap are measures of inequality between two groups, usually a disadvantaged group and a reference group (such as the most advantaged group or the whole population). The absolute gap is the difference between the indicator values for the two groups. The relative gap is the percentage difference between the indicator values for the two groups (i.e. the difference between the indicator values taken as a percentage of the reference group value). Both the absolute and relative gaps are important measures of inequality and should be used in combination to understand the extent of the inequalities.
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All Age All Cause Mortality rate
The measure used is the three-year average directly age standardised death rate per 100,000 population (standardised against the European Standard Population) – for all ages and all causes of death (ICD-10 A00-Y99). Rates are calculated using Office for National Statistics death registrations and population estimates.
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Cancer mortality
ICD-10 codes C00–C97 (Malignant Neoplasms).
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Cause of death
Defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) for the years 1991 to 2000, and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) for 2001 onwards.
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Circulatory disease (also called Cardiovascular, or CVD) mortality
CD-10 codes I00–I99 (Diseases of the circulatory system).
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Infant Mortality rate
The number of infant deaths (deaths under one year of age) per 1,000 live births.
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International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
The ICD is the international standard diagnostic classification for all general epidemiological, many health management purposes and clinical use. It is used to classify diseases and other health problems recorded on many types of health and vital records including death certificates. In addition to enabling the storage and retrieval of diagnostic information for clinical, epidemiological and quality purposes, these records also provide the basis for the compilation of national mortality and morbidity statistics.
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Life expectancy at birth
This is the average number of additional years a person would live if he or she experienced the age-specific mortality rates of the given area and time period for the rest of their life. Therefore it is not the number of years someone in the area in that time period is actually likely to live. This is because the death rates of the area are likely to change and because people may live in other areas for at least part of their lives. (This is referred to as the period life expectancy).
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Mortality rate
The usual practice in Office for National Statistics publications is to calculate age-standardised mortality rates per 100,000 population, standardised to the European Standard Population. The use of age-standardised rates allow comparison between populations, which may contain different proportions of people of different ages.
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National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC)
In June 1998 the Government Statistical Service Social Statistics Committee agreed to adopt a new National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS- SEC) for use with government statistics. It replaced both Social Class (SC) and Socio-economic Group (SEG). Like both SC and SEG, the NS-SEC is based on occupation and employment status, but the NS-SEC was developed to reflect more accurately the socio-economic structure of 21st century societies and the major shift in the UK economy from manufacturing to service industries.
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Routine and Manual socio-economic group
The Routine and Manual group is composed of ‘Lower supervisory and technical occupations’, ’Semi-routine’ and ’Routine’ occupations. The infant mortality rate among these groups is currently higher than the national average.
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Standard population
This is used in the calculation of the age-standardised death rates. An element of the population (such as age and sex) is ‘held constant’ to control its effect. An example of a standard population is the European Standard Population.
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Underlying cause of death
The cause of death selected for primary tabulation based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) rules.
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WHO
The World Health Organisation is the directing and co-ordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.
Contact Details
For statistical enquiries about this topic, please contact:
Health Improvement Analytical Team Monitoring Unit
Email: sue.graves@dh.gsi.gov.uk
Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7972 3753
Department of Health 6th floor South Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG
